Which of the following elements is NOT part of dead reckoning?

In the context of dead reckoning, the method involves calculating a current position by using a previously determined position and advancing that position based on known or estimated speeds, distances, and directions traveled. The elements essential to this process include the known azimuth, which is the angle of direction, a known distance which refers to how far is traveled from the last point, and a known starting point from which one assesses the movement.

While known speed may influence the calculations, it is not a required element of dead reckoning. Instead, it can be seen as a variable that aids in estimating the distance traveled over time but is not inherently necessary for determining a position. Thus, the focus of dead reckoning is on the known azimuth, distance, and starting point for updating one's location, making it clear why the inclusion of known speed diverges from the core elements involved in the fundamental practice of dead reckoning.