What must be performed to a map before it can effectively be used?

For a map to be effectively used, it must be oriented. Orientation involves aligning the map with the actual geographical features it represents. This process ensures that the user can accurately relate the symbols and lines on the map to the real-world environment. Knowing which direction is north on the map allows the user to navigate and apply the information correctly, especially in outdoor or tactical situations.

Folding a map can make it convenient to carry, but it does not contribute to the map's usability in terms of understanding the terrain. Marking points of interest can indeed enhance the functionality of a map for a specific activity or mission, but it assumes the map is already oriented to be effective. Laminating the map offers physical protection and durability, making it more practical for use in adverse conditions, but it does not affect the understanding or application of the map’s content. Hence, orientation is a fundamental step before utilizing the map for navigation.